Before examining the energy transmission lines between Russia and Turkey, we need to understand the relationship between these two countries from a general point of view. As we know, Russia and Turkey have a deep-rooted relationship historically. For this reason, Turkish-Russian relations have gone through many difficulties and at the same time many crises have been experienced.
RESULTS OF GERMANY ELECTIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON TURKEY
The people of Germany went to the polls on September 26, 2021, to determine the 20th Bundestag. Voters in Berlin, the capital of Germany, went to the polling station early in the morning to cast their votes.
THE EFFECTS OF WWII ON TURKEY: NATIONAL PROTECTION LAW AND WEALTH TAX
Turkey, which had not entered the heat of the Second World War, was also in a great economic depression like most countries. One of the official measures taken to prevent this situation is the National Protection Law. This law can be counted as the law that gave the most power to the government during the war. Before 1939, government had a report called ‘Defense Economy’ prepared.
THE REFLECTIONS OF THE SYRIAN CRISIS ON EUROPE AND TURKEY WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF SECURITIZATION OF MIGRATION
Today, one of the important issues for many countries of the world is migration. Driving factors such as poverty, conflict, war, and attractive factors such as living opportunities in developed regions, education, health, and jobs cause thousands of people to move within and between countries every year. However, this mobility can lead to serious effects and problems in political, social, cultural, ethnic, and religious areas.
THE NEW REFUGEE CRISIS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION: AFGHAN MIGRATION
In line with the agreement signed between the USA and the Taliban in February 2020, the process of withdrawing international forces from Afghanistan began this year. While it was agreed in the agreement that the Taliban would not attack foreign forces, no provision was made regarding the actions of Afghan security forces.
VILLAGE INSTITUTES IN TURKEY
The Village Institutes project is one of the greatest pioneers of enlightenment both in the social and educational fields in the republican period.
THE IMPOVERISHING EFFECT OF PANDEMIC ON TURKEY
Epidemics have changed the global order throughout history. For example, the Plague epidemic was allowed the transition from feudalism to capitalism. Coronavirus, which appeared in Wuhan, China in 2019 and spread all over the world in 2020, has also affected the whole world socially, politically, and economically. However, since it is only a new case, the most devastating effect that can be seen is deepening poverty. What this study wants to emphasize is to try to explain with data how the coronavirus process deepens poverty in Turkey.
THE PLACE OF THE END OF THE ONE-PARTY PERIOD IN TURKISH DEMOCRACY
The DP could not confront the anti-democracy that it promised to be against during its rule, and experienced the gravity of holding power. For example, DP criticized the wrong and unfair proportional electoral system in Turkish democracy, but they did not change it. Because they could not afford not to use the advantage, when the majority was with themselves and they preferred the electoral system, which was on behalf of them, against democracy. In other words, while the DP had a great chance to change and democratize Turkey, they could not take advantage of it. The Turkish soldiers who took part in the Korean War, and the implementation of a policy that sided with the United States, and even in the coup d’etat, the emphasis on allegiance to NATO, has pushed Turkish politics to a great fear and reaction against the left. There was almost an allergy against communism and socialism in the society, and it was tried to be brought into the subconscious of the whole nation that these thoughts could not be accepted. This great reaction against the left caused both the left and the right to become more polarized and radicalized; therefore, Turkish politics has turned into a system which is coming close to fascism.
ASALA TERRORIST ORGANIZATION
The ASALA Terrorist Organization, which will be examined in this study, will be discussed within the scope of Armenians and Armenia in the historical process by considering people from different nationalities who were murdered, especially Turkish diplomats, by the organization. ASALA, which is a paramilitary ethnic terrorist organization, has determined its ideologies on the line of Marxism-Leninism and Turkophobia, and it has opposite poles within itself. The expansion of the name of the organization is ‘Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia’. It actively maintained its effectiveness between 1975-1994. This organization was founded by a Beirut Armenian Agop Agopian, who was also known as ‘Harutün Tokaşyan’, with the help of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, in the city of Beirut, during the Lebanese Civil War on 1975 (Çam, 2014).
ENERGY DIPLOMACY, GEOPOLITICS AND ECONOMY POLICY OF TURKEY
Energy is an indispensable element of the country’s economic and diplomatic power. As much as a country’s natural resource wealth, its geopolitical position is important. Because the geopolitical position plays a big role in transporting the resource and reducing its cost. Turkey, on the other hand, is in an important place due to its geopolitical position, even if it does not have enough resources in the world energy game. Despite being in such an important position, it also provides the most budget deficit through energy spending. The aim of this study is to discuss Turkey’s position in the world energy game from a diplomatic, economic and geopolitical perspective.
