Venezuela is a country located in the north of South America and has a population of 28 million people. Unfortunately, the economic and political crisis in the country, especially since 2015, makes Venezuela one of the most sending countries after Syria, which has been destroyed by the civil war. For the last few years, one of every 5 people has been leaving the country, and the rest of the population is struggling with the country’s problems. Immigration from the country is mostly concentrated in other South American countries, but Venezuelans are actually located all over the world. Colombia, which has a common border with Venezuela, hosts almost 2 million Venezuelan immigrants.
FROM IMPORTED RESIDENT WELFARE STATE TO NEOLIBERATION: POVERTY IN TURKEY (1980-2000)
Neoliberalism seeks economic liberalization and globalization. For these purposes, countries integrate into global markets. But moving directly from imported substitution and welfare policies to neoliberal policies, such as Turkey, can have consequences such as poverty and income inequality. The wrong social policies created to prevent these negative consequences could put the country in a stalemate. In this article, between 1980 and 2000, the impoverishment of neoliberalized Turkey and a number of social policies developed as a result of this impoverishment will be mentioned.
MAKHNO AND THE MAKHNOVSCHINA
In 1918, when Ukraine was going through a chaotic period, Ukrainian workers and peasants as a whole rebelled, and this action spawned a movement called ‘Makhnovshchina’, which means belonging to the Makhno. The Makhnovists, who had been fighting the Bolsheviks throughout the year 1920, eventually succumbed. This research article, called ‘Makhno and Makhnovshchina’, aimed to transfer it to the reader by using a number of written sources and considering the historical and social process of the Makhnovshchina movement, which united under the leadership of anarcho-communist leader Nestor Makhno. Questions of ‘Who is Nestor Makhno?’ and ‘Who are the Makhnovists?’ were trying to be answered and evaluations were made accordingly. In this context, the findings to be obtained in the research paper are limited to the historical and social process and biography.
IMMIGRANTS AND ZERO TOLERANCE POLICY IN THE TRUMP PERIOD
Donald Trump, who won the elections in 2016 and became the 45th President of the United States, has become a memorable leader with his sensational statements and his domestic and foreign policy practices. Trump, who ran an election campaign in a line that we can describe as a right-wing populist, attracted a lot of attention with his harsh anti-immigration rhetoric during this period and promised to build a big wall on the Mexican border in order to control immigration to the USA. Since the Trump administration took office in January 2017, there has been a tough stance on immigration and travel restrictions, as well as a number of other acts. In the following process, the policy called ‘Zero Tolerance’ was put into practice and the way for illegal immigrants to be imprisoned quickly was paved. In this study, the perspective on immigrants in the Donald Trump era will be examined and especially the ‘Zero Tolerance’ policy will be dwelled on.
AN ATTEMPT TO DEMOCRATIZATION: THE PRAGUE SPRING
The year 1968 is one of the important years that have left their mark on history. Student movements that took place almost all over the world at that time were only one of the reasons that made this period important. For example, ‘The 68 Generation’ in Turkey and ‘May 68 Events’ in France are some of them. The important event which will be discussed in this research article is the “Prague Spring”, which took place in 1968, in Czechoslovakia, where the understanding of “friendly socialism” was tried to be adopted.
CHILE-MAPUCHE ISSUES AND DECLARATION OF STATE OF EMERGENCY
There has been a decennial dispute between Chile and the Mapuche State especially since the 19th Century. The history of the Mapuche dates back to BC and is a fairly well-established community that fought in the name of independence. The Mapuches, who resisted the occupation during the years when the Spanish state had large colonies, achieved their independence in 1818. They lost their independence when the Chilean state invaded their territory in the 1880s.
RESULTS OF GERMANY ELECTIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON TURKEY
The people of Germany went to the polls on September 26, 2021, to determine the 20th Bundestag. Voters in Berlin, the capital of Germany, went to the polling station early in the morning to cast their votes.
THE EFFECTS OF WWII ON TURKEY: NATIONAL PROTECTION LAW AND WEALTH TAX
Turkey, which had not entered the heat of the Second World War, was also in a great economic depression like most countries. One of the official measures taken to prevent this situation is the National Protection Law. This law can be counted as the law that gave the most power to the government during the war. Before 1939, government had a report called ‘Defense Economy’ prepared.
THE REFLECTIONS OF THE SYRIAN CRISIS ON EUROPE AND TURKEY WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF SECURITIZATION OF MIGRATION
Today, one of the important issues for many countries of the world is migration. Driving factors such as poverty, conflict, war, and attractive factors such as living opportunities in developed regions, education, health, and jobs cause thousands of people to move within and between countries every year. However, this mobility can lead to serious effects and problems in political, social, cultural, ethnic, and religious areas.
THE LONGEST WAR: BEING A WOMAN IN THE MIDDLE EAST
Gender equality remains a major problem across the centuries. Even though the fight against this problem has evolved significantly across the globe. Even in the 21st century, this gender inequality persists globally in the Middle East, where this inequality rate is higher, problems such as domestic violence, unequal sharing of housework, and sexual violence already exist, and the pandemic has increased this even more. Within the scope of this study, the position and place of women in the region have been examined.
